What is Malocclusion ?

The term malocclusion is used when the teeth are not aligned properly. Here the teeth are not aligned side by side forming a smooth arch for each jaw.

Risk factors

Usually malocclusion is minor in nature and hence do not require much treatment. There is a possibility of tooth decay or periodontal diseases like gingivitis or periodontitis. Treatment of malocclusion reduces the risk of tooth breakage by lowering strain on the jaws, muscles as well as on the teeth. Malocclusion is often caused due to hereditary factors. Malocclusion is most often hereditary.

There may be a disproportion between the size of the upper and lower jaws or between jaw and tooth size resulting in overcrowding of teeth or in abnormal bite patterns. Extra teeth, malformed teeth, impacted or lost teeth, and teeth that erupt in an abnormal direction may contribute to malocclusion. Variations in size or malformation of either jaw may affect its shape, as can birth defects such as cleft lip and palate.

During infancy, personal habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, pacifier use beyond the age of three, and prolonged use of a bottle can greatly affect the shape of the jaws as well. The improper fit of dental fillings, crowns, appliances, retainers or braces may contribute to malocclusion. Misalignment of jaw fractures after a severe injury, and tumors of the mouth or jaw may cause malocclusion as well.

Symptoms

Following symptoms are normally associated with Malocclusion :

• Abnormal appearance of the face
• Difficulty while biting or chewing
• Breathing through the mouth
• Abnormal alignment of the teeth
• Facing difficulties while speaking.

Treatments

Braces are used to set the correct positioning of the teeth. Some teeth may have to be removed if they are overcrowded. Rough, irregular teeth may have to be reshaped or bonded. In some situations orthognathic surgery may also be required which includes reshaping or making the jaw longer or shorter. Jaw bones can be stabilized by using wires.